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目标片段所以这期我想做的是通过阅读这些差异。反过来看莎士比亚本人他究竟是怎样的一种作家？为什么莎士比亚总喜欢把道德问题变成政治问题，为什么他不愿意给任何一方最后的裁判权？为什么到了他笔下人民会裂开，人民会变成一个个具体的人，贵族也会裂开，形成完全不同的性格。为什么他如此迷恋语言表演、自我角色和他人的承认。为什么一个在普鲁塔克笔下，是关于一位愤怒和人格缺陷的英雄的故事？
来源片段The take is that Shakespeare writes this play as a very underrated kind of moral psychologist, long before psychology was even a field of specialty. The take is that ultimately the character of Hamlet is a work of brilliance, because no matter who you are reading in the modern world, we can all see a little bit of ourselves in Prince Hamlet. We see ourselves when we read his process of ruminating and suffering over deciding what the right thing to do is. And maybe this whole point is seen most clearly in his famous speech that he gives much later on in the play where he says to be or not to be that is the question, whether it is no able to
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read them before they were delivered. I mean, Shakespeare himself actually, even in his riding, had to have things approved by a censorship office that then on multiple occasions required him to change things in his work if it didn't fit into a certain narrative. So the more traditional reading of the spying of Claudius and his inner circle in the play is that this is a reflection of what's going on in the real world of Shakespeare. What does the world start to look like when we make surveillance like this commonplace about how people do business with each other? But then there's the reading of Critchley and Webster that takes this whole reading and then intensifies it into something else entirely. They say, quote, Hamlet's world is a
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所以今天我们就来做一次对照阅读，不是简单的问莎士比亚是否忠于普鲁塔克？他是否抄袭普鲁塔克，而是问一个更有意思的问题。他为什么要这样改编普鲁塔克？因为一个作家最清楚地暴露自己，往往不是在他凭空捏造故事的时候，而是在他面对一个已经存在的故事，却偏偏决定把某些地方改掉的时刻，莎士比亚的科利亚莱纳斯对普鲁塔克的科利亚莱纳斯传的改编改变了故事的政治重型。就像我在我的《道德论从一者导读》里面写到莎士比亚读普鲁塔克，他读的是英译本，叫做Plutarch's Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans他的情节结构。
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tragic hero of this play? Consider her character for a moment, they might say. She's a person in the play who loves someone, Hamlet. She gets used by everybody around her, her father, brother, other members of the royal court. Through the events of the play, she gets pushed to her own limits as someone caught up in all this that's going on around her. And then she takes her own life in what Critchley and Webster call her only real language of exchange, meaning the only thing she really has left to express her position after everything else has been taken away from her. In other words, they say it's useful to first think of Ophelia as a character that's pretty similar to someone like Antigone from earlier Greek tragedy. Real quick, just so we can understand
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沃伦比亚把这个作者给撤走了，把这个人扔进了广场。元老院家庭和战场，让人民贵族、母亲、朋友和敌人从不同方向评价他。于是，一个关于人格缺陷的故事，变成了一个没有简单答案的政治悲剧。沃伦比亚最鲜明的特征是，他从不满足于告诉我们谁正确，他更喜欢追问当几种各有道理的价值，不得不生活在同一个世界里面的时候会发生什么OK今天我们就讲到这里了，我们下期再见吧，拜拜。