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目标片段那我觉得中国和西方世界在很多其他问题上有着根深蒂固的区别。因为我们的文化经历，历史背景的不同，这些根深蒂固的区别使得很多议题我觉得我们和西方世界是有根深蒂固的隔阂和区别的。比如说宗教的区别，政体的区别，人民对于自己文化归属感和社会归属感的区别。这些东西我感到，因为这些隔阂的存在，我们很难把西方语境正在讨论的观点，直接翻译到中文语境中。
来源片段and there's various ways to get there. Now, as we return to the big picture for a moment, right? So people in the West are actually quite psychologically peculiar, they're quite different from how most people in the history of humanity have been, how a lot of people around the world are today. That does create certain kinds of benefits. It makes it easier to sustain a certain kind of abstract rule of law, a certain set of economic institutions. And we're sort of trying to figure out there's nothing inherent about that, right? This is not a sort of cultural essentialism, if there's just something about people in the West
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one of the necessary conditions of its existence, while being a little bit less weird than, say, the United States are today. What might that look like, you think? Well, I mean, one thing that's clear from the United States today is that there's one thing about being an individualistic is everybody thinks they have a right to an opinion and a right to express themselves and a right to have their way and all that kind of thing. So that has real costs. And so you can imagine lots of gains in social efficiency if we could get everyone on the same page with new forms of surveillance technology,
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但是另外一个方面，也是因为我觉得这两件事情是现代社会最重要的两个议题。一个文明发达的社会，既不能够离开对于自由的讨论，也不能够放弃教育，不断地给他的公民提供教育。如果说自由是目的，那教育就是通往这个目的的最好的，可能是唯一的途径。在现代社会，我们想要让每一个公民理解，我们拥有自由的意义。这个理解当然不是我们生下来就有的。，不是我们与生俱来的那一个没有受过教育的人，他没有办法知道精神自由代表了什么，也很难去真的实行运用自己拥有的这种精神自由。
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It was less clear to me whether it had any kind of a direct upshot. And of course, that's not necessarily a criticism. That's not necessarily what you're trying to do. But if we're reflecting on some of the challenges that our societies are facing today and if we're reflecting on how it is, for example, that a country like the United States can manage its incredible diversity and the demographic change is undergoing. Are there any lessons that you would take from the insights and the history of that to your outline? Well, I mean, some of the big points I try to emphasize would be that institutions,
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如果仅仅是停留在这个层面上的话，那我觉得这是对我们这个幸运的一种彻头彻尾的浪费。所以说这一期播客我想说的是，首先我非常认可这个听众朋友给我转发的感想。但是我也想退一步换一个角度去思考，从社会层面不再从个人层面，我们从社会层面去想一想，或者说更具体，更具体的说是我自己更加了解的。美国社会层面在美国的过去两百年，对于高等教育和人文教育的理解是如何从刚才就是那个农民，
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that a country like the United States can manage its incredible diversity and the demographic change is undergoing. Are there any lessons that you would take from the insights and the history of that to your outline? Well, I mean, some of the big points I try to emphasize would be that institutions, meaning things like the family, but also religious institutions, and then of course, things like representative government, actually shape how people in that society think, feel, and reason. So there's this interlocking thing between psychology.
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红宝这种全新的对于教育的理解是Buildon这个词不能够仅仅用英文的education来概括，它比education更广义。我觉得它的重点是教育后面那个欲字，而不是前面那个教字，一种面临着更多变更有流动性的社会。人文教育需要提供的是一种公正的视角。什么叫做公正的视角？公正的视角就是它要教育要提供独立于意识形态、经济结构、政治或者是宗教的影响。那我们要通过什么方式来使得这个视角尽量的公正独立呢？