最高相似度示例 · 非人工确认结果
目标片段所以说一旦有好几个死刑犯要被公开处决的话，这种处决方式会造成大量的血慢到这个砍头台上。那么那些排队等着被砍头的人就会感到恐惧和软弱，他们就会失去理智。
来源片段When there shall be several condemned criminals who will be executed at the same time, the terror created by this form of execution because of the immensity of blood which it produces and which it spreads out will give rise to fright and weakness in even the most intrepid of those who remain to be executed. So in other words, you've got people lining up and there's blood everywhere.
查看片段位置
21 个展示片段 · 共 22 个展示片段（含上方示例）— 点击展开
来源片段
And in fact, Dominic, I mentioned to you that the last public execution in France took place in outside Versailles in 1939.
目标片段
法国最后一次公开处决，发生在1939年的凡尔赛公外，他一直到1939年才立法，把这个公开砍头变成了私密的死刑。
来源片段
But I think the English and the French attitude to the guillotine is what makes it the perfect symbol of the revolution, because it's seen as being simultaneously, you know, a symbol of horror, a symbol of humane enlightenment, an emblem of terror, an emblem of compassion, almost. It's spattered in blood, but it is a clean method of execution. And those paradoxes are beautifully exemplify broader paradoxes about the revolution. And so because of that, because the guillotine has this totemic status, listeners may be wondering, we haven't mentioned it really until now. We kind of alluded to it at the end of the last episode. And the reason for that is that it isn't introduced until 1792. But having said that, it's not as though the revolution hasn't already displayed a taste for public displays of punishment and of retribution.
目标片段
一方面，断头台是法国大革命的标志，我们都可以立刻在脑子里面浮现出它长什么样子，这是一个全新的发明，它出现在法国人攻占了巴士抵御两年之后的1792年，它沾满了鲜血，它是革命恐怖的完美象征。与此同时，它又是人道启蒙的象征。播客的最后我们会讨论为什么它是政治娱乐化的一种全新的演变。不好意思，今天你们将听到的就是政治娱乐化这个主题的血腥版本。我们总体讨论的仍然是之前那期的主题。只不过在那期播客里，我把这个血腥的部分给藏掉了。
来源片段
And this happens in 1757 in the reign of Louis XV, so the grandfather of Louis XVI. And it is a punishment that is inflicted on a domestic servant called Robert-Francois Damien, who had attempted to kill Louis XV, to stab him with a dagger as Louis XV was entering Versailles in a carriage.
目标片段
他在1757年的时候，因为一些历史学家至今还不太确定的原因，试图刺杀法国国王。路易十五1757年1月5日，他在路易十五的马车进入凡尔赛宫的时候，冲进了冲破了国王的保镖群，
来源片段
So you get two months before the actual execution, you get a newspaper called the Gazette d'Omsterdam writing, never has a spectacle had as many spectators as the punishment of Damien will have.
目标片段
我们在阿姆斯特丹公报上读到没有一场盛会，像达米安的死刑一样，吸引了如此多的法国观众，人们为此兴奋不已。
来源片段
So on the morning of his execution, which is the 28th of March, 1757, so he's had kind of a month and a half to ponder what's going to happen to him. The jailers come and he's alleged to have said, la journée sera rude.
目标片段
所以在1757年3月28号早上，达米安被狱卒从牢房带到了广场上。他当时对这个狱卒说了一句，他这辈子说的最后一句话，他说这将会是艰难的一天。
来源片段
As the flesh is being pulled off, as this liquid is being poured into the wounds, poor Damien is crying out. As the damned in hell are supposed to cry out, pardon my God, pardon Lord.
目标片段
当这些伤口被倒入达米安的伤口的时候，他不停的尖叫哭喊，就像是一个进入了地狱的罪人，在哭喊一样，他在哭喊原谅我上帝。
S1：2 个窗口回退
来源片段
The horses are whipped to make them move off. But unfortunately, this hasn't been done for about 100 years. So the executions are up to speed with what you need to do. Nothing happens. He's not torn to pieces. So they stop the horses. They then cut his tendons. And the horses are then whipped forwards. And at this point, the limbs go. Yeah. And all you have left is his trunk. His limbs are burnt in front of him. He's still alive at this point. And then surely not conscious. What remains of him is burnt at the stake. I mean, this is probably the worst thing we've ever heard about on the rest of his history. This is unbelievable. So basically, the lads have done good. They've set up the spectacle that people were hoping for.
目标片段
但是很不幸，因为马匹缺乏经验，所以马不知道如何朝四个方向走。于是刽子手让马停下来，切断了达米安的基建，然后鞭打着马向前。这个时候达米安的四肢就被扯下来了。此时此刻，法国史料记录他还没死，但是应该已经失去了意识了。达米安的四肢，在他的面前被他的在他的躯干面前被当面焚烧。OK大家知道为什么我在播客里第一句话就是警告你们不要跟自己的小孩听这一期播客到这里就结束了，
来源片段
Executions do continue to be as popular as they've ever been after this particular spectacular. But I think that it leaves a sense among opinion formers, which has already been developing even before it, that it is actually unfashionable to gawp at them. And this, in part, no doubt reflects the kind of the growing impact of the Enlightenment. Voltaire, as we've said, was a vehement campaigner against these forms of punishment. But remember, it is the king himself. So Louis XV, who had been the object of Damien's assassination attempt, who actually gives the posthumous pardon to Calat. So it's not as though there's a complete kind of divergence between Enlightenment thinkers and upholders of the Ancien Régime.
目标片段
马克吐温在1889年出版的《康州美国老在亚瑟王的宫廷》中的第18章也引用了达米安的处决来暗示贵族权力的残酷和不公。所以说我们话说会大家最熟悉的这个对于达米安死刑的引用，福科在最近1975年写的《归训和惩罚》这本书中以达米安的死刑作为开头，他不是一个第一个为之感到震撼的人。而且我觉得我对于这个事情的关注和福科的区别就在于福科。他不关心这个事情，是被这个观众当作一种娱乐的对吧？达米安在执行酷刑的时候，没有人是抱着政治教育的目的，没有人抱着人道的目的，没有人是抱着看恐怖，就是受到惊恐的目的。
来源片段
So Robespierre, in 1785, he had written an article in which he proposed that the death penalty, if it absolutely has to be imposed, should be swift, should be merciful.
目标片段
罗布斯皮尔，他在1785年写了一篇怎样的文章？
来源片段
Guillotin explaining how this humane, progressive, merciful, egalitarian form of capital punishment will lead France into a brave new dawn.
目标片段
这种人道进步、仁慈平等的死刑方式，将带着法国走向崭新的曙光。
来源片段
And Guillotin particularly comes to seem the kind of the archetype of a do-gooding utopianist whose schemes simply outrun what is sensible. And so a song is written about him in which his machine is called the guillotine, the guillotine. Right. And it becomes very, very popular. You know, like songs are spreading across the streets of Paris. Yeah. This song about the guillotine, you know, people love it. So the guillotine, the word, it begins as a joke at the guillotine and guillotine's expense. It does. It's part of a comic song. But the truth is that guillotine is, you know, he's ahead of the curve because as events will show, his proposal for a beheading machine that will be swift and humane is brilliant for enabling the two seemingly opposed trends that we've been discussing in this episode to meet and to fuse.
目标片段
现在我可以用我的机器瞬间砍下你的头，你甚至连感觉都不会感觉到这个当时在这句话，当时在巴黎变成了一个抽象的流行歌曲啊，现在的小孩都会唱着Gitin医生的名字来嘲笑他。两三百年前的人真的跟现代网友没有什么区别。这首歌很快就在巴黎传唱了开来，让这个医生感到恼羞、沉怒。也正是因为这首歌的流传之广。所以说这个杀人的砍头机器立刻就和这个医生的名字绑定了和Gitin.这个名字绑定了，听起来非常荒谬，一个杀人机器成为了人道主义的载体。
来源片段
But the majority of delegates disagree and say the death penalty is maintained. There is an even more radical proposal than simply abolishing the death penalty.
目标片段
法国国民议会有关死刑，未来应该怎么操作进行了投票？大多数人不同意废除死刑，于是，他们要考虑的议题变成了如何在保留死刑的同时干净利落的执行死刑，
S1：2 个窗口回退
来源片段
Or to be beheaded, which traditionally has been the way for the aristocracy. And because nothing is too good for the people, it's taken for granted that actually hanging is unacceptable, that everyone should now enjoy the rights that traditionally had been the rights of the aristocracy. Partly because of that, but also because it is seen as being quicker. It's more humane. But the person who raises objections to this, because if everyone is going to be beheaded, that would potentially require large numbers of people to be dispatched by losing their heads in one go. The person who objects to this is Saint-Saëns, who is no longer the royal executioner, but he's still the chief executioner now at the revolution. He presents various arguments against doing it.
目标片段
因为我们都已经天赋人权了，闹革命了。所以说现代平等、自由民主的老百姓，每一个人都有权利享受属于贵族的传统贵族传统权利，这也代表了所有人都有被砍头的权利做出了这个决定之后，下面还面临着一个很现实的问题，就是人工砍头很没有效率，不但没有效率，而且很血腥，不但很血腥，而且很难。因为砍头需要高超的技巧。
来源片段
Partly because of that, but also because it is seen as being quicker. It's more humane. But the person who raises objections to this, because if everyone is going to be beheaded, that would potentially require large numbers of people to be dispatched by losing their heads in one go. The person who objects to this is Saint-Saëns, who is no longer the royal executioner, but he's still the chief executioner now at the revolution. He presents various arguments against doing it. One is that it requires great skill, which of course Saint-Saëns would argue that. But I mean, he's not wrong. Right, because we've covered executions on this podcast. I think about the Duke of Monmouth. Yeah. And Jack Ketch, who had to take eight strokes of the axe or whatever before he managed to get his head off.
目标片段
当年1791年法国议会的大臣和一个曾经是皇家柜子手，现在是革命柜子手的柜子手聊天，柜子手说我自己去砍。当时公爵的头的时候砍了八下才把它砍下来，而且训练其他柜子手很难，过程很漫长，而且同一把斧头砍一个人之后就会变盾刀刃就会卷起来，这是一种风险。而且还有一个很现实的因素，就是我们国家准备处决这么多反动派反革命。那我们肯定要按照你们的计划，一天要砍好几个人的头啊。
来源片段
Louis, he keeps control of the project and he turns to this guy called Tobias Schmidt, who is a German, as his name implies. He's a piano maker.
目标片段
然后呢，这群法国的革命派大臣就找到了一个叫做Tobias Schmidt的德国人。这个德国人是一个钢琴制造商，没想到吧，代表了法国大革命象征性砍头机器的断头台。
来源片段
Has been in prison awaiting his execution. And he is the person who, on the 25th of April 1792, is led out to the Place de la Greve, the traditional place of execution, where there is standing a peculiar looking machine.
目标片段
在1792年4月25日，法国人第一次用这个断头台代替了传统的砍头方式。在40多年前，达米安被公开处刑的格雷夫广场安置了第一台断头机。
S1：2 个窗口回退
来源片段
And it's reflective of the way, I think, in which it comes to have its own mythology very, very rapidly. It's quick. It's efficient. It's humane, certainly, relative to what had gone before. But it is also very, very bloody. And as Saint-Saëns had pointed out, the more criminals who are executed in one go, the more bloody the spectacle will become. And so, as we said, this fusion between the traditional spectacle and the new way of doing things. Yeah. The guillotine kind of exemplifies it. But, Tom, isn't it also that it's the fact that you can do so many people in one go? Yeah. And the uniformity of it is what is chilling. So the previous way of execution, as unbelievably horrific as that was, there was something about it that kind of respected you as an individual.
目标片段
成为了未来100年法国大革命血腥统治期间的杀人方式。他以快他快速高效，且人道相对以前的方式看似人道。与此同时，他仍然满足了传统老百姓围观行刑的满足感和震慑感。因为人们很快发现，虽然说砍一个人的头很慢，但是你要砍很多的人的头的时候，这个场面又会变得非常血腥，而且在法国大革命期间要砍的头可比旧政权砍的要多多了。所以这个砍头机器断头台确实是一个新的工具，它是一种更加科学的杀人方式。
来源片段
But, Tom, isn't it also that it's the fact that you can do so many people in one go? Yeah. And the uniformity of it is what is chilling. So the previous way of execution, as unbelievably horrific as that was, there was something about it that kind of respected you as an individual. You are Calas or Damien or whatever his name is. And you are brought out. And this whole day is about you. You're at the center of it. And it's specific to you. I mean, I'm not sure that's a great consolation. No, of course not. It's not a great consolation. But with this, isn't it that the ominous thing about it, especially looking back from the 21st century, is that you can polish off dozens, hundreds of people in a day or two. And they're just numbers, people in a queue.
目标片段
匿名的、血腥的、科学的砍头机器，然后一直在发展。到20世纪，我们看到的是更加大型的、更加科学的、更加匿名的、更加快速的，更加把人视为草戒的杀人方式。在20世纪的法西斯政权，我们看到的其实是一种现代化的进程，不是吗？达米安的死在某种程度上OK我下面这句话听起来会非常变态。我想说的是，达米安的死在某种程度上，他更把他当个人，他更人性化。我的意思不是说他不残忍，他可能是最残忍的。
S2：3 个窗口回退
来源片段
must be a kind of giddy sense of excitement. Oh, I think there is. Yeah. You know, the thrill of almost blasphemy in toppling these statues. I think we talked in the first French Revolution series about how if you miss the fact that for lots of people, this is quite good fun, or these marches on Versailles, these great public spectacles, you know, a lot of people, as we will see, treat these political moments as a kind of carnival. You can throw off the shackles of everyday convention, and you can go around smashing stuff up and having a fine old time. And a lot of people, particularly young men, I think find that very invigorating. They always
目标片段
但是实际上我觉得你去读马基加维利的君主论中，对那些老百姓的描述感到既震慑又满足，还是去读鲁迅。对于老百姓沾人血馒头的描述，还是你仅仅就是去观察一下，为什么人们会蜂拥而至的观看被处决的犯人的热情，以及观众有多么享受这种他人的痛苦。我们就会发现，这不是一种示威，这不是为了激起恐惧，这是一场以他人痛苦为乐的狂欢。换句话说，我觉得这是一种政治娱乐化最残忍的表现。法国最后一次公开处决，发生在1939年的凡尔赛公外，他一直到1939年才立法，把这个公开砍头变成了私密的死刑。
来源片段
people who I suppose you might call for, want to better word liberals. So there's a couple of noblemen called Lammath. There is a magistrate in Paris called DuPort. And they think, by the summer of 1791, they think, a lot of people think these are the people, this is the faction that's going to run the revolution. And their attitude is this, they say, look, the disorder has gone way out of control. We need to end all this, we need to end all the chaos, the polemics from the clubs and from the radical press. We need to restore order in the army. The way we can fix the economy
目标片段
我们看看后来的法国就是在几十年后会冒出来的。这些法国大革命激进派杀人无数的雅各宾。恐怖统治的主要负责人罗布斯皮尔圣诸斯。他们会说什么？他们会说，一个拥有美德的共和国，只能通过鲜血诞生OK这是他们一方面的主张。一方面革命派主张鲜血和暴力是必然的。与此同时，他们又坚称自己是人道主义的。我们去看看同一个人。罗布斯皮尔，他在1785年写了一篇怎样的文章？在后来，雅各宾统治政权中，就是谋杀了无数，把无数人送上断头台的激进派罗布斯皮尔。
来源片段
We had only one choice to seize our enemies before they commit crime and murder. We have served both humanity and the constitution in separating out those who would cause trouble and disorder. We will not cease pursuing them until the sacred fire, which we hold in our breast, has purified every corner of the French nation. I mean, that is pretty, you know, you can understand why they're saying it, but at the same time it's pretty ominous reading, given what we know about what will follow. But of course, nobody knows in 1791 what will follow. In fact, Barnabh thinks, you know, the momentum is still with me.
目标片段
所以说现代平等、自由民主的老百姓，每一个人都有权利享受属于贵族的传统贵族传统权利，这也代表了所有人都有被砍头的权利做出了这个决定之后，下面还面临着一个很现实的问题，就是人工砍头很没有效率，不但没有效率，而且很血腥，不但很血腥，而且很难。因为砍头需要高超的技巧。我们去看那个弗里德曼那本书中关于法国死刑的介绍，他在那里介绍说，我们如何去砍头。当年1791年法国议会的大臣和一个曾经是皇家柜子手，现在是革命柜子手的柜子手聊天，柜子手说我自己去砍。