最高相似度示例 · 非人工确认结果
目标片段这个穷人的孩子心中，某些最深处的渴望，没有办法在市场经济制度中得到一个答案，甚至还会被市场制度给扭曲，使他陷入在某种深深的泥沼之中。所以在这里我想说几个总结的想法。第一个想法是，我希望这个穷人的儿子这个段落可以进一步说服大家个人主义和集体主义的对立，在帮助我们思考这个问题的时候没有什么意义。现在我们看到太多鼓吹个人主义的人，在他们口中好像逃避责任，缺乏对于弱者的同情，都成为了值得吹嘘的理性的行为。
来源片段I think in some sense, this is all just to say that I think the debate between capitalism or socialism is a little bit outdated. I don't think the labels really work anymore. When we find people who are staunch defenders of either, they seem to us like relics of an earlier age. That being said, if we express socialism in the broadest sense as this desire to use the state to achieve well being for the greatest many, I hope I've given a, you know, comprehensible enough understanding of why Nietzsche would have an opposition to that, why you would be suspicious of that end. His answer, however, is not reaction. It's not even revolution.
查看片段位置
4 个展示片段 · 共 5 个展示片段（含上方示例）— 点击展开
来源片段
Nietzsche's critique of socialism and his critique of capitalism are intimately related. They're in some sense two expressions of the same criticism of modernity, because he sees the same underlying force driving socialism as he does capitalism, which is, broadly speaking, utilitarianism. The idea that reducing suffering for the greatest many ought to be the moral good of mankind, as well as what he's called the theoretical approach to life, which is the notion that our moral ideas can or even ought to be realized in the political sphere, and above all this conception of man as a homo economicus.
目标片段
首先我想进行两个观察。第一个观察是我们从小的教育说是个人主义，代表西方精神，集体主义是东亚精神。中国讲集体主义、西方重视个人主义，这当然跟马克思政治宣传有紧密的关系。马克思崇尚的经济集体主义解决社会问题的方法，是使生产资本和劳动工具逐步社会化，而资本主义的市场制度。在这个理解中，是一个让生产资本和劳动工具，都掌握在会对工人进行剥削的资本家个人手中，从而形成了一个以自私、
来源片段
Um, that's been the result of liberalization that, um, quite apart from this class consciousness, we've actually developed this deep sense of individualized atomization. Uh, if we recall from Nietzsche's critique of capitalism, um, you know, that's another system that promises to deliver freedom to the most people.
目标片段
并且随着私有制的发展而发展，资本主义制度是生产资料私有制最完备的社会形态，个人主义则在这个资产阶级身上发展到了一个高峰。这种对于资本主义的描绘，让我觉得最大的问题就在于从资本主义出现在人类思想史上的那一刻，
S1：2 个窗口回退
来源片段
But with regard for how these virtues benefit the public or society at large, benefit the collective at large that we're a part of, and oftentimes these virtues harm the individual who lives by them. But that isn't because they're selfless, right? It's because the level of selfishness is just at a higher order, right? It's because the power that selects for the virtues is the community rather than anyone individual. And so it's the community that's being selfish. It's not as though the community is simply made of selfless individuals who don't care for their own benefit, right? And so our entire moral orientation has been nurtured by what's useful to the community, how any one of us can become instrumental to the good of the collective, and therefore, European morality at least, Nietzsche says, has become herd morality.
目标片段
亚当斯密对于财富积累的维护，并不是出于我们后来想象中的什么个人利益最大化的维护，这仍然是一个道德上的维护。对于他来说，一个繁荣的富裕的社会，就是可以比一个贫穷的社会更加人道。而且这个人道体现在这个社会对于弱者的态度上，一个贫穷的社会再善良再道德在他的眼中也没有办法帮助，弱者一定会抛弃弱者。而且我觉得他甚至会说一个贫穷，而道德的社会是不存在的。真正的贫穷会挤压你心中良善的空间。
来源片段
Now, for Nietzsche, socialism doesn't solve the problem of making man into an economic animal. In fact, socialism exacerbates the problem, doesn't it? Because if the socialists are correct and contentment and well-being can be extended to everyone in society, at least the maximum number possible, will only have gifted this sense of ennui to the maximum number of people, will have deprived the maximum number of people of the most possibilities for pleasure also by depriving them of pain and struggle. And then further, you'll have taken the pursuit of property from them as an avenue of finding that sense of power or combating their ennui, which is something they had before unsatisfying as it is. You take that away and left them with pure utility, perhaps a vague sense that they're part of some process of creating the most well-being that mankind has ever experienced, right?
目标片段
当然哈耶克也放弃了亚当斯密本人对于尊严的思考，哈耶克的答案只是说在市场经济之外的其他所有经济安排模式，都会使得这种圆满的宁静生活变得毫无可能。但是实际上他也没有他拒绝定义这种圆满的宁静生活究竟是什么？我觉得亚当斯密跟他这几个徒弟的区别就在于他对于这个问题的答案更加模棱两可。一方面他提出的是现代社会只有积累大量的财富，才能够减少大规模的悲剧，才能够有能力去帮助这个社会一定会存在的真正的弱者，让所有人在总体上都获得更多的自由去探索圆满的生活究竟是怎样的生活。