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目标片段为什么在我心中它不是一套经济学理论，它是一套政治哲学的框架，他们想要拥护的核心理念是怎样的理念？我们在说奥地利经济学派的时候，我们在说哪一群人，因为毕竟跟那个马克思经济学的唯物史观，在中文语境中的普及程度不一样。奥派经济学在国内不是义务教育的一部分。大家可能都大约的听过哈耶克以及奥派经济学。但是也不知道这个学派的具体主张是什么，或者说我们可能只知道它的主张是反对社会主义。所以我感觉我无法预设，大家都有这个常识，让我先来介绍一下，然后在后半段我会提出我对于哈耶克以及他所代表的那一整套奥地利经济学派的批评和反思。
来源片段My point is, given the world that we live in, our views on economics are the foundation of many of the values that we hold, not the least of which might be the political ideology that we end up voting for. Understanding the economic theory of our day massively helps us in understanding the political philosophy of our day. Now, back to the people that disagree with Marx, usually in two broad categories, right? Communism and his economic beliefs. Well, if we look at it in terms of these two main categories of disagreement that people have, this square of opposition starts to emerge, where each type of disagreement that somebody
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be the opposite of that. People that disagree with both his economics and political ideology. And the people we're going to be talking about today fall into this last category. But it's interesting because it's the economic inferences that Marx makes that sets the foundation for why communism needs to be implemented. One thing that comes as a byproduct of that is that if you're able to refute the economic theory of Marx, at that point, you're sort of able to kill two birds with one stone.
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但是对于信奉哈耶克这套的奥派来说，一切分析的出发点，哲学分析，经济分析的出发点都是孤独的个体，没有任何集体OK奥派经济学第二个最基本的命题就是我现在说的是他们这套个人方法论是最基础的观点。同时他们认为经济学他们要面临的这个学科社会科学要处理的最基本事实。这个他们要面临的这个基本事实，适合物理和现代科学要处理的事实是完全不同的。这也是为什么在他们的心中，经济学不是一门科学，不可能是一门科学。
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Children's section, far away from the nonfiction section of the library. Point is, this is why this collection of people that we're talking about today spent a lot more time trying to refute the economic philosophy of Marx as opposed to the political philosophy. Now, if you're one of these people, commissioned with the task of finding fault in Marx's economics, a really good place to start. One of the cornerstones of his thought that we talked about last time is the notion that profit is theft. Profit is a euphemism for the exploitation of the worker. Capitalism is not just wrong as an economic theory.
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所以说大家可以想象，就是在这一整套奥地利经济学派米塞斯哈耶克对于经济学，他们在搞的这个学科的畅想中，经济学没有办法成为科学的一部分，接受过唯物主义义无知教育洗礼的朋友们的雷达可以在此时哔哔哔的响起了。接着说奥地利经济学派的第三个最基本的命题是他们对于他们这个学科的颠覆性的重新定义。也就是说，经济学研究什么研究市场，对吧？研究市场秩序。市场秩序对于哈耶克米塞斯这种人来说，意味着交换exchange.
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Capitalism is not just wrong as an economic theory. It is a fundamentally immoral system because it allows for the worker who's producing a certain amount of value for that employer, just like the slaves and chattel slavery, just like the peasants of the feudal system, the worker in a capitalist society is paid less than the value they're producing for the employer. The discrepancy between these two values being demarc the equivalent of, well, strong arm robbery. Why does it got to be this way? You would ask. But therein lies an assumption, doesn't it? Aren't we assuming there that it's possible to objectively and consistently estimate the true
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他们认为这个学科的目的是为了干嘛是为了做理性的经济计算，对吧？那他们认为理性的经济计算有一个必要条件，那就是生产方式的私有制。因为私有制对他们来说非常重要。私有制可以给这个社会上的稀缺资源的有效分配提供唯一的激励。在他们看来，那些同情社会主义的人认为社会主义可以通过改变人性来超越这些私有制的激励机制。但是米塞斯奥派的另外一个大头，米塞斯花了大量时间来论证。
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other people, how can price possibly reflect the true value of something? And this extends into the means of production. If the means of production aren't privately owned entities conducting exchanges with other entities that are privately owned, how can they ever get this encyclopedia of information that the pricing system gives us when we're in a system that doesn't denounce private property rights like Marx does? Price is a purveyor of information. Really interesting concept. Again, much more Austrian stuff to come.
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经济规划者、社会主义里的经济规划者无法合理的用他们的人脑，或者说计算机大脑计算出价格体系，在私有制之下能够自动计算出来的这些稀有资源的价值，建立。在这种对于私有制的推崇之上，对于这帮人来说，私有制必然要依赖的竞争市场这一整套市场竞争，对于澳派经济学家来说，就被赋予了一个更大的意义。对于他们来说，市场竞争不光光是一个买卖的地方。对于他们来说，哇，我聊过天那些澳派的人，真的觉得市场竞争是一个发现知识，发现真理的神圣的地方，